Spaghetti Western
Director ~ Carlo Lizzani
Carlo Lizzani was an Italian film director, screenwriter,
and critic known for his prominent role in the neorealist movement and his
extensive contributions to Italian cinema across multiple decades.
Born in Rome on April 3, 1922, he began his career in the
1940s as a film critic and screenwriter, co-writing key neorealist works such
as “Bitter Rice” (1949), which earned an Academy Award nomination for Best
Motion Picture Story, and contributing to films like Germany “Year Zero”
(1948).
His directorial debut came with “Achtung! Banditi!”
(1951), and he went on to direct acclaimed films including “Chronicle of Poor
Lovers” (1954), “The Violent Four” (1968), and “Celluloide” (1996), often
exploring social, historical, and political themes.
Lizzani collaborated with major figures in Italian and
international cinema, including Jean-Luc Godard, Bernardo Bertolucci, and Pier
Paolo Pasolini, and directed segments in collective projects such as “Love and
Anger” (1969). He also made documentaries, including an early one on Italian
Communist leader Palmiro Togliatti, reflecting his long association with
leftist politics. From 1979 to 1982, he served as director of the Venice Film
Festival, where he helped foster new generations of filmmakers, and he later
served on the Berlin Film Festival jury in 1994.
Lizzani died in Rome where he committed suicide on
October 5, 2013, at age 91, by jumping from the balcony of his apartment. His
body of work, spanning fiction, documentaries, and television, cemented his
legacy as a versatile and influential figure in postwar Italian film.
Carlo Lizzani directed two Spaghetti westerns: “Un fiume
di dollari” (The Hills Run Red) in 1966 and “Requiescant” (Kill and Pray) in
1967.
LIZZANI, Carlo (aka Lee W. Beaver)
[4/3/1922, Rome, Lazio, Italy - 10/5/2013, Rome, Lazio, Italy (suicide)] –
producer, director, assistant director, writer, film editor, actor, married to
actress Edith Bieber [192?-2015] (1949-2013) father of director, assistant
director Francesco Lizzani [1958- ], casting
director, actress Flaminia Lizzani [1963-
].
Hills Run Red – 1966 [as Lee W. Beaver]
Kill and Pray – 1967
Burning Daylight – 1973 [film was never made]
Spaghetti Western Screenwriter ~ Harry Essex
Harry Essex was an American screenwriter, director, and
playwright best known for his prolific contributions to 1950s science fiction
and horror cinema, including the screenplays for the landmark 3-D films “It
Came from Outer Space” (1953) and “Creature from the Black Lagoon” (1954). Born
in New York City on November 29, 1910, he graduated from St John's University
in 1936 and pursued writing from an early age, balancing welfare work with
theater writing before his Broadway play Something for Nothing was produced in
1937.1 His Hollywood career began in the early 1940s but was interrupted by
service in the US Army Signal Corps during World War II.
Essex established himself as a versatile screenwriter
across genres, with early credits including the film noir “Desperate” (1947)
and the thriller “The Killer That Stalked New York” (1950). He gained
particular recognition for his work in science fiction and horror, adapting Ray
Bradbury's story for “It Came from Outer Space” (1953) and co-writing “Creature
from the Black Lagoon” (1954), both notable for their innovative use of 3-D
effects and memorable creatures. He also directed several films, making his
directorial debut with the adaptation of Mickey Spillane's novel “I, the Jury”
(1953). Later in his career, Essex contributed to Westerns such as co-writing “The
Sons of Katie Elder” (1965) starring John Wayne, and wrote for television
anthologies and series including ‘Philco TV Playhouse’, ‘Playhouse 90’, and ‘The
Untouchables’.
Essex's career spanned more than five decades,
encompassing plays, novels, short stories, feature films, and television, with
a particular impact on mid-century genre filmmaking before dying in Los Angeles,
California on February 6, 1997 from heart failure at the age of 86.
Harry Essex co-wrote the screenplay for one Spaghetti
western, “Los amigos” (Deaf Smith & Johnny Ears) with Oscar Saul, Paolo
Cavara, Lucia Brudi and Augusto Finocchi in 1972
ESSEX, Harry (aka H.J. Essex) (Harry J. Essex) [11/29/1910, New York
City, New York, U.S.A. – 2/6/1997, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. (heart
failure)] – producer, director, author, writer, married to Lee Berman
[1911-1987] (1936-1997) father of actor David Stephen Essex [1948- ], Vickie Essex.
Deaf Smith &
Johnny Ears – 1972 (co)
Spaghetti Western Cinematographer ~ Tom Richmond
Thomas Richmond was an American cinematographer whose
career spanned over four decades, marked by innovative visual storytelling in
independent cinema and collaborations with first-time directors on films such
as “Stand and Deliver” (1988), “Killing Zoe” (1993), “Little Odessa” (1994),
“Slums of Beverly Hills” (1998), and “Right at Your Door” (2006).
Born in Bronxville, New York on January 18, 1950,
Richmond initially studied architecture and photography at Harvard University
before pursuing graduate studies at the UCLA School of Theater, Film and
Television (1976–1978) and the American Film Institute (1979–1980), where his
passion for still photography transitioned into filmmaking.
His early
professional roles in the 1980s included additional photography on Alex Cox's “Repo
Man” (1984) and camera operation on Oliver Stone's “Salvador” (1986), before he
earned his first director of photography credits on low-budget features like “Chopping
Mall” (1986) and “Straight to Hell” (1987).
He forged long-term partnerships, notably shooting all
five features directed by Keith Gordon—including “A Midnight Clear” (1992), “Mother
Night” (1996), and “The Singing Detective” (2003), and launching careers with
debuts like Rob Zombie's “House of 1000 Corpses” (2003), Tamara Jenkins's “Slums
of Beverly Hills” (1998), and James Gray's “Little Odessa” (1994).
Beyond features,
he lensed music videos for artists such as Pearl Jam ("Jeremy"), Foo
Fighters, and Neil Young, as well as commercials for brands like Nike and
Verizon.
Throughout his career, Richmond received critical
acclaim, including Independent Spirit Award nominations for Best Cinematography
for “Stand and Deliver” (1988), “Pastime” (1990), and “Little Odessa” (1994),
and a win for Best Cinematography at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival for “Right
at Your Door”.
In his later years, he joined the American Society of
Cinematographers in 2012 and served as an adjunct professor of advanced
cinematography at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts and Brooklyn College, where he
mentored emerging talents like future ASC members Jaron Presant and Jody Lee
Lipes.
Richmond died in New York City at age 72 in New York City
on July 29, 2022, leaving a legacy of supporting bold, human-centered
storytelling in independent film.
Tom Richmond was a cinematographer on one Euro-western,
“Straight to Hell” in 1986. He also filmed the follow up documentary “Back to
Hell” in 2000.
RICHMOND, Tom (Thomas
Julian Richmond) [1/18/1950, Bronxville, New York, U.S.A. – 7/29/2022,
New York City, New York, U.S.A.] - cinematographer
Straight to Hell –
1986
Back to Hell – 2000
[documentary]